Soil Salinity Patterns in an Olive Grove Irrigated with Reclaimed Table Olive Processing Wastewater
نویسندگان
چکیده
The agricultural use of saline table olive processing wastewater enables the implementation closed water cycles in this socioeconomically important industry for rural southern Spain and relieves environmental, economic, legal burdens. To allow growers to evaluate guarantee adequate long-term soil plant conditions when irrigating with such regenerated wastewaters, efficient monitoring strategies are needed. Field-scale electromagnetic induction sensing, after one (2013) five years (2017) irrigation average electrical conductivity (EC) near 6 dS m?1 an orchard Spain, showed accumulation highly conductive material subsoil relation local topography characteristics. Laboratory analysis revealed strongly varying patterns EC during growing season across grove, which were attributed dilution concentration effects due rainfall evaporation, respectively. Visual inspection leaf analyses no negative on trees. Apparent (ECa), measured between tree rows 2013, a linear relationship surface EC1:5 under drippers allowed identification areas high ECa low elevation zones farm, presence shallow perched tables. A second measurement 2017 similar spatial was used estimate distribution profile using inversion software, although unique field-wide relationships properties could be inferred, possibly as consequence spatially variable clay contents, influence topography. Despite more conservative strategy since 2015, results that salinity has increased 2013 about 15% study area, largest increments deepest horizons.
منابع مشابه
Processing Technology in Olive Oil and Table Olive Processing Technology in Olive Oil and Table Olive
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Water
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2073-4441']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14193049